This resource is provided by AmeriCymru and is intended for Welsh learners who are not yet ready to commit to a full time course. With Croeseiriau Cymraeg you can devise your own schedule and learn at your own pace. Before you start please go to this page: Croeseiriau Cymraeg and read the 'Introduction' and 'How to Use' sections.
If you are ready to commit to a full time course we recommend the following options:
AmeriCymraeg This is an online course with tutor John Good, which is offered in two-month terms. Go here for more information and to register: AmeriCymraeg
SSIW Want to learn quickly? Then you might want to check out the SSIW High Intensity Language Program here: SSIW
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
OTHER RESOURCES
Pryd - When
-
pryd - when , while , since
sample sentences:
Pryd fydd y castell yn agor ? - When will the castle be opening?
Bydd yn agor am 9 o'r gloch . - It will open at 9 o'clock.
Image: Castell Cydweli
more sample questions:
Pryd ydyn ni'n mynd? - When are we going?
P ryd mae'r cyngerdd ? - When is the concert?
Pryd mae'r gêm? - When is the match?
Pryd fydd Dai yn ôl? - When will Dai be back?
Pryd byddan nhw'n cyrraedd? - When will they arrive?
Pryd or Pan?
There are two words for 'when' in Welsh - 'pryd' and 'pan'.
Pryd is used when asking a question. Consequently we use it when translating the following English phrases or questions:- "When is.....?" , "When was.....?" , "When will.....?"
If 'when' is being used to make a statement or as a conjunction we use the word pan e.g.
Pan fyddwch chi'n cyrraedd , byddwn ni'n siarad . - When you arrive we will talk.
Roedd Dai yn y dafarn pan welodd y newyddion . - Dai was in the pub when he saw the news.
Pryd is also used as a noun to mean time , season or aspect: Pryd - Time , Season , Aspect
*MUTANT ALERT*
In the sample sentence above on this page ( Pryd fydd y castell yn agor ) you will observe that the spelling of one word ( fydd ) differs from the spelling on the relevant Geiriadur listing page ( Bydd - Will ). Be not alarmed!
This happens because:-
"Welsh, as with all other Celtic languages, often sees changes made to the beginning of words depending on the word that precedes it, or the role it plays in the sentence. These changes are known as "mutations", of which Welsh has three distinct types. Common situations in which a mutation may occur are when a word follows a preposition, possessive, or number."
The three types of mutation are:-
The three links above will take you to further information about these commonly occurring mutations.
Most Welsh courses and teachers advise students not to worry too much about this at the outset. Fluent speakers will understand you if you forget to mutate a letter. With practice this will come naturally and there is perhaps, no need for beginning learners to make a conscious effort to apply these rules.
However, if you wish to acquaint yourself with the rules early on you could look out for the 'Mutant Alert' notice on the vocabulary pages and use these as an opportunity to refresh your knowledge by checking the above links.
Spot the Mutation: The mutation above is an example of a ........... mutation?
