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Parhau - To Continue
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parhau - to continue
sample sentence:
Rhaid iddo barhau i weithio nes iddo orffen .
He must continue to work until he finishes.
Image: ...rhaid iddo barhau i weithio
*MUTANT ALERT*
In the sample sentence above on this page you will observe that the spelling of three words ( barhau , weithio , orffen ) differ from the spelling on the relevant Geiriadur listing page ( Parhau - To Continue , Gweithio - To Work , Gorffen - To Finish ). Be not alarmed!
This happens because:-
"Welsh, as with all other Celtic languages, often sees changes made to the beginning of words depending on the word that precedes it, or the role it plays in the sentence. These changes are known as "mutations", of which Welsh has three distinct types. Common situations in which a mutation may occur are when a word follows a preposition, possessive, or number."
The three types of mutation are:-
The three links above will take you to further information about these commonly occurring mutations.
Most Welsh courses and teachers advise students not to worry too much about this at the outset. Fluent speakers will understand you if you forget to mutate a letter. With practice this will come naturally and there is perhaps, no need for beginning learners to make a conscious effort to apply these rules.
However, if you wish to acquaint yourself with the rules early on you could look out for the 'Mutant Alert' notice on the vocabulary pages and use these as an opportunity to refresh your knowledge by checking the above links.
Spot the Mutation: The mutation above is an example of a ........... mutation?
PRESENT TENSE - AFFIRMATIVE
...
Dwi'n parhau - I am continuing
Wyt ti'n parhau - You are continuing (familiar)
Mae e'n parhau / Mae hi'n parhau - He / She is continuing
Dyn ni'n parhau - We are continuing
Dych chi'n parhau - You (plural) are continuing (also singular formal)
Maen nhw'n parhau - They are continuing
,,,
PRESENT TENSE - NEGATIVE
...
Dwi ddim yn parhau - I am not continuing
Dwyt ti ddim yn parhau - You are not continuing (familiar)
Dydy e ddim yn parhau / Dydy hi ddim yn parhau - He / She is not continuing
Dyn ni ddim yn parhau - We are not continuing
Dych chi ddim yn parhau - You (plural) are not continuing (also singular formal)
Dyn nhw ddim yn parhau - They are not continuing
...
PRESENT TENSE - INTERROGATIVE
...
Ydw i'n parhau? - Am I continuing?
Wyt ti'n parhau? - Are you continuing? (familiar)
Ydy e'n parhau / Ydy hi'n parhau? - Is he / Is she continuing?
Ydyn ni'n parhau? - Are we continuing?
Ydych chi'n parhau? - Are you (plural) continuing? (also singular formal)
Ydyn nhw'n parhau? - Are they continuing?
...
QUESTION - ’NO / YES’ REPLIES
...
Ydw i'n parhau? - (Nac) Wyt / (Ydych - formal)
Wyt ti'n parhau? - (Nac) Ydw
Ydy e'n parhau / Ydy hi'n parhau? - (Nac) Ydy
Ydyn ni'n parhau? - (Nac) Ydyn / Ydych
Ydych chi'n parhau? - (Nac) Ydyn / (Ydw - formal)
Ydyn nhw'n parhau? - (Nac) Ydyn
...
N.B. 'Wyt ti' is the familiar form of the 2nd person and should be used only when addressing close friends, family members and animals. 'Dych chi' is the polite form and should be used in all other instances.
