This resource is provided by AmeriCymru and is intended for Welsh learners who are not yet ready to commit to a full time course. With Croeseiriau Cymraeg you can devise your own schedule and learn at your own pace. Before you start please go to this page: Croeseiriau Cymraeg and read the 'Introduction' and 'How to Use' sections.
If you are ready to commit to a full time course we recommend the following options:
AmeriCymraeg This is an online course with tutor John Good, which is offered in two-month terms. Go here for more information and to register: AmeriCymraeg
SSIW Want to learn quickly? Then you might want to check out the SSIW High Intensity Language Program here: SSIW
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
OTHER RESOURCES
Croeseiriau Cymraeg Part 4.2 (Crossword 4.3) - Grammar - Rhaid i mi - I must
-
Mae rhaid i fi / i mi - I must / I have to
In this section we learn how to say 'I must / I have to" in Welsh. This formulation is followed by a Soft Mutation. See examples below:
Mae/'n rhaid i fi / i mi - I mustMae/'n rhaid i ti - You must (familiar)
Mae/'n rhaid iddo fe / iddi hi - He / She must
Mae/'n rhaid i ni - We must
Mae/'n rhaid i chi - You must (singular formal & plural)
Mae/'n rhaid iddyn nhw - They must
AFFIRMATIVE
Mae/'n rhaid i fi / i mi - I must / I have to...e.g..Mae/'n rhaid i mi fynd nawr / rŵan. - I must go now.
Mae/'n rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I have to read the book.
Mae/'n rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell. - They have to go to the library.
Mae/'n rhaid i chi fwyta. - You must eat / You have to eat.
NEGATIVE
Does dim rhaid i fi / i mi - I don't have to.. e.g.Does dim rhaid i mi fynd nawr / rŵan. - I don't have to go now.
Does dim rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I don't have to read the book!
Does dim rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- They don't have to go to the library.
Does dim rhaid i chi fwyta. - You don't have to eat.
QUESTIONS
Oes rhaid i fi / i mi? - Must I? / Do I have to?. e.g.Oes rhaid i mi fynd nawr / rŵan? - Do I have to go now?
Oes rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr? - Do I have to read the book?
Oes rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- Do they have to go to the library?
Oes rhaid i chi fwyta. - Do you have to eat?
ANSWERS
Oes - Yes Na - No or Na, does dim.....
Roedd rhaid i fi / i mi - I had to
'Rhaid' is also used in the past tense to mean "I had to , I didn't have to' , 'did I have to'. Substitute 'roedd' for 'mae' in the past tense. 'Oedd' is used to form a question and 'doedd dim' is used for the negative. See examples below:
Roedd rhaid i mi - I had toRoedd rhaid i ti - You had to (familiar)
Roedd rhaid iddo fe / hi - He / She had to
Roedd rhaid i ni - We had to
Roedd rhaid i chi - You had to (singular formal & plural)
Roedd rhaid iddyn nhw - They had to
AFFIRMATIVE
Roedd rhaid i fi / i mi - I had to e.g...
.e.g.Roedd rhaid i mi fynd heddiw. - I had to go today.
Roedd rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I had to read the book!
Roedd rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- They had to go to the library.
Roedd rhaid i chi fwyta. - You had to eat.
NEGATIVE
Doedd dim rhaid i fi / i mi - I didn't have to e.g.... e.
e.g.Doedd dim rhaid i mi fynd heddiw. - I didn't have to go today.
Doedd dim rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I didn't have to read the book!
Doedd dim rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- They didn't have to to go to the library.
Doedd dim rhaid i chi fwyta. - You didn't have to eat.
QUESTIONS
Oedd rhaid i fi / i mi? - Did I have to? e.g...e
.g.Oedd rhaid i mi fynd heddiw? - Did I have to go today?
Oedd rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr? - Did I have to read the book?
Oedd rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell? - Did they have to go to the library?
Oedd rhaid i chi fwyta? - Did you have to eat?
ANSWERS
Oedd- Yes Na- No or Na, doedd dim.....
Bydd rhaid i fi / i mi - I will have to
'Rhaid' is also used in the future tense to mean "I will have to , I won't have to' , 'will I have to'. Substitute 'bydd' for 'mae' in the future tense. See examples below:
Bydd rhaid i mi - I will have toBydd rhaid i ti - You will have to (familiar)
Bydd rhaid iddo fe / hi - He / She will have to
Bydd rhaid i ni - We will have to
Bydd rhaid i chi - You will have to (singular formal & plural)
Bydd rhaid iddyn nhw - They will have to
AFFIRMATIVE
Bydd rhaid i fi / i mi - I will have to e.g...
.e.g.Bydd rhaid i mi fynd heddiw. - I will have to go today.
Bydd rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I will have to read the book!
Bydd rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- They will have to go to the library.
Bydd rhaid i chi fwyta. - You will have to eat.
NEGATIVE
Fydd dim rhaid i fi / i mi - I won't have to e.g.... e.
e.g.Fydd dim rhaid i mi fynd heddiw. - I won't have to go today.
Fydd dim rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr! - I won't have to read the book!
Fydd dim rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- They won't have to to go to the library.
Fydd dim rhaid i chi fwyta. - You won't have to eat.
QUESTIONS
(A) fydd rhaid i fi / i mi? - Will I have to? e.g...e
.g.(A) fydd rhaid i mi fynd heddiw? - Will I have to go today?
(A) fydd rhaid i mi ddarllen y llyfr? - Will I have to read the book?
(A) fydd rhaid iddyn nhw fynd i'r llyfrgell.- Will they have to go to the library?
(A) fydd rhaid i chi fwyta. - Will you have to eat?
Notes
1. Some would argue that "Mae rhaid i fi" is more grammatically correct but in everyday speech people often add the 'n - "mae'n rhaid i fi". It should also be noted that in common speech 'Mae' or 'Mae'n' are often omitted altogether.
2. Strictly there would be soft mutation after "i" BUT you will hear and read both "rhaid i mi" and "rhaid i fi". Both are acceptable.
