This resource is provided by AmeriCymru and is intended for Welsh learners who are not yet ready to commit to a full time course. With Croeseiriau Cymraeg you can devise your own schedule and learn at your own pace. Before you start please go to this page: Croeseiriau Cymraeg and read the 'Introduction' and 'How to Use' sections.
If you are ready to commit to a full time course we recommend the following options:
AmeriCymraeg This is an online course with tutor John Good, which is offered in two-month terms. Go here for more information and to register: AmeriCymraeg
SSIW Want to learn quickly? Then you might want to check out the SSIW High Intensity Language Program here: SSIW
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Stopio - To Stop
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stopio - to stop
sample sentence: Stopion nhw gerdded a gwisgon nhw eu mygydau nwy . - They stopped walking and wore their gas masks.
Image: Stopion nhw......
N.B. When using the past perfect twice in a Welsh sentence the second verb does not need to be, or is not always, conjugated in the past tense in everyday speech. You can simply use the verb noun. Consequently you may hear this sentence expressed as follows:- Stopion nhw gerdded a gwisgo eu mygydau nwy.
*MUTANT ALERT*
In the sample sentence above on this page you will observe that the spelling of one word ( gerdded ) differs from the spelling on the relevant Geiriadur listing page ( Cerdded - To Walk ). Be not alarmed!
This happens because:-
"Welsh, as with all other Celtic languages, often sees changes made to the beginning of words depending on the word that precedes it, or the role it plays in the sentence. These changes are known as "mutations", of which Welsh has three distinct types. Common situations in which a mutation may occur are when a word follows a preposition, possessive, or number."
The three types of mutation are:-
The three links above will take you to further information about these commonly occurring mutations.
Most Welsh courses and teachers advise students not to worry too much about this at the outset. Fluent speakers will understand you if you forget to mutate a letter. With practice this will come naturally and there is perhaps, no need for beginning learners to make a conscious effort to apply these rules.
However, if you wish to acquaint yourself with the rules early on you could look out for the 'Mutant Alert' notice on the vocabulary pages and use these as an opportunity to refresh your knowledge by checking the above links.
Spot the Mutation: The mutation above is an example of a ........... mutation?
PRESENT TENSE - AFFIRMATIVE
...
Dwi'n stopio - I am stopping
Wyt ti'n stopio - You are stopping (familiar)
Mae e'n stopio / Mae hi'n stopio - He / She is stopping
Dyn ni'n stopio - We are stopping
Dych chi'n stopio - You (plural) are stopping (also singular formal)
Maen nhw'n stopio - They are stopping
,,,
PRESENT TENSE - NEGATIVE
...
Dwi ddim yn stopio - I am not stopping
Dwyt ti ddim yn stopio - You are not stopping (familiar)
Dydy e ddim yn stopio / Dydy hi ddim yn stopio - He / She is not stopping
Dyn ni ddim yn stopio - We are not stopping
Dych chi ddim yn stopio - You (plural) are not stopping (also singular formal)
Dyn nhw ddim yn stopio - They are not stopping
...
PRESENT TENSE - INTERROGATIVE
...
Ydw i'n stopio? - Am I stopping?
Wyt ti'n stopio? - Are you stopping? (familiar)
Ydy e'n stopio / Ydy hi'n stopio? - Is he / Is she stopping?
Ydyn ni'n stopio? - Are we stopping?
Ydych chi'n stopio? - Are you (plural) stopping? (also singular formal)
Ydyn nhw'n stopio? - Are they stopping?
...
QUESTION - ’NO / YES’ REPLIES
...
Ydw i'n stopio? - (Nac) Wyt / (Ydych - formal)
Wyt ti'n stopio? - (Nac) Ydw
Ydy e'n stopio / Ydy hi'n stopio? - (Nac) Ydy
Ydyn ni'n stopio? - (Nac) Ydyn / Ydych
Ydych chi'n stopio? - (Nac) Ydyn / (Ydw - formal)
Ydyn nhw'n stopio? - (Nac) Ydyn
...
N.B. 'Wyt ti' is the familiar form of the 2nd person and should be used only when addressing close friends, family members and animals. 'Dych chi' is the polite form and should be used in all other instances.
