The Treaty of Montgomery, which was signed on 29th September 1267, marked an important milestone in the history of medieval Wales.  For the first time, the king of England (Henry III) recognised a Welsh ruler (Llywelyn ap Gruffydd) as Prince of Wales, having the right to receive homage from the other Welsh princes and lords.

A timeline highlighting the relevant events leading up to and immediately following The Treaty of Montgomery;

Since their invasion of 1066, the Normans had ambitions to expand into Wales and the early 13th century is typified by the defense of Welsh lands by Llywelyn Fawr from firstly King John and later his son Henry III  

1240   Following the death of Llywelyn Fawr, Henry's power in Wales expanded. He carried out three military campaigns in the 1240s and constructed new castles  to confirm his dominance over the Welsh princes.

1247  At the Treaty of Woodstock, Henry III partitioned Gwynedd between Llywelyn Fawr's grandsons, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd and his younger brother Dafydd. 

1255  Dafydd joined in a challenge to Llywelyn at the Battle of Bryn Derwin in which, Llywelyn was victorious and Dafydd was imprisoned.  However, Llywelyn released him the following year and restored him to favour.

1256  Llywelyn ap Gruffydd rebelled against Henry and widespread violence spread across Wales

1258  The barons of England rebelled against Henry III.  Llywelyn maintained close relations with the leader of the barons, Simon de Montfort.

1264  King Henry and his son (the future Edward I) were defeated and taken prisoner by Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Lewes.  However, Edward escaped and continued the fight.

1265 (22nd June)  Llywelyn and Simon de Montfort agreed on a permanent peace at The Treaty of Pipton and Llywelyn was acknowledged as the Prince of Wales.

1265 (4th August)  Simon de Montfort although boosted by Welsh infantry was defeated and killed at the  Battle of Evesham and power restored to King Henry

1267   Llywelyn and Henry III agreed to The Treaty of Montgomery in which Henry III agreed to recognise Llywelyn as Prince of Wales, and that the title would pass on to Llywelyn's heirs.  Llewelyn agreed to do homage to Henry, but never considered himself a subject of the English monarch.

1272 Henry III died and Edward I becomes King of England.  Relations between England and Wales deteriorated.

1277  Llywelyn refused to pay homage to Edward, who invaded with a force of 15,500, which resulted in The Treaty of Aberconwy that effectively removed the concessions granted by the earlier Treaty of Montgomery and Llywelyn had to undergo the humiliation of swearing oaths of fealty to Edward and pay a fine of £50,000.

Map shows Wales after the Treaty of Montgomery (1267) - GREEN - Gwynedd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality, PURPLE -Territories conquered by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, BLUE -  Territories of Llywelyn's vassals, ORANGE -  Lordships of the Marcher barons, YELLOW -  Lordships of the King of England.

Born on this day 1939 in Cardiff

Rhodri Morgan  -  former leader of Welsh Labour, who as First Secretary for Wales and subsequently First Minister, was the leader of the Welsh Assembly Government from 2000 to 2009.  

Born on this day 1944 in Aberdare.

Jim Mills - former Wales and Great Britain rugby league international. "Big Jim", an uncompromising prop forward, who originally played rugby union with Cardiff RFC,  before turning professional and playing league with Halifax, Salford, Bradford Northern, Widnes and Workington Town and also in Australia for North Sydney.  Mills was infamously banned from New Zealand for stamping on John Greengrass's head in the 25-24 win over New Zealand at Swansea at the 1975 World Series.  The ban was eventually lifted but Mills remained banned for life by the New Zealand Rugby League.

Jim Mills was inducted into the Widnes Hall of Fame in 1992. That year he also worked as team manager for the Wales national team.  

Born on this day 1952 in Barry

Helen Morgan   - winner of  Miss World in 1974.  However, she resigned four days after her victory, the fist winner to do so, upon the discovery that she had an 18-month-old son.  She was encouraged to resign even though she did not the competition rules (which stipulated only that entrants must be unmarried).

Helen worked in a bank and entered modelling competitions on a part-time basis.  In 1974, she also won the Miss Wales and Miss United Kingdom titles and was runner-up in the Miss Universe pageant.  

Born on this day 1955 in Carmarthen

Gareth Davies  - former Wales and Lions rugby international.  He is currently Chairman of the WRU having previously held the roles of head of the UK Centre for Coaching Excellence and CEO of  the Newport Gwent Dragons.