Croeso yn ôl i groeseiriau Cymreig / Welcome back to Welsh Crosswords. In this final lesson we will cover the topics listed below. A light learning assignment because we have reached the end of the current course and we are launching a new revision feature this week ( see link below). The first revision translation exercise is Traeth - Beach and it is hoped that the series will greatly increase your confidence and mastery of the language. 

We will be announcing details of courses 2 and 3 in the coming weeks. They will cover the past and future tenses. There is a survey linked from the bottom of this  email . We would greatly appreciate it if you could take a minute to complete the questionnaire. We will be relying on your feedback to guide us when we craft the new courses and, of course, we will strive to improve Course 1 in line with your observations and comments.

In conclusion we hope that you have enjoyed the course and learned something from it. We hope further that you will be inspired to continue your studies until you become a fluent Welsh speaker. Mwynhewch!

1.  Sy wedi

2.  Bod / Bod yn / Bod dim

3.  Bod wedi / Bod... ddim yn/wedi

4.  Translation Exercises

5.  NEW! Revision Exercises

6.  How to use the crosswords & Croeseiriau Cymraeg 11 & 12

7.  Survey / Arolwg

You will perhaps remember the following from  email  5. If not, please go back and refresh your memory:- "Hitherto we have used  mae  for 'is'. Occasionally (in some contexts) you will find the word  sy  employed for this purpose. You would use  sy  when you want to emphasise something in particular a person or location." 

The construction  sy wedi  is used to mean   'who has/have'  and  'that has/have'

Below are some simple sample sentences for you to practice with.

Dyma'r dafarn sy wedi cau.  = This is the pub that has closed.

Tom is the man who has arrived. =  Twm yw'r dyn sy wedi cyrraedd.

Where is the new library that has opened? =  Ble mae'r llyfrgell newydd sy wedi agor?

( You will find the answers at the bottom of the page )

...

You will be aware that  bod  is the Welsh verb ' to be '. It can also be used to mean ' that ' in the following constructions:-

that there is/are

that the....is/are

This construction is used with prepositions - by, on, in etc. Below are some simple sample sentences for you to practice with.

Dwi'n gwybod bod cwrw yn yr oergell.  = I know that there is beer in the fridge.

(N.B. In English we can leave out 'that' in the above sentence and simply say 'I know there is beer in the fridge.' In Welsh  that  /  bod  should not be omitted.)

They believe (that) there is tea in the kitchen. =   Maen nhw'n credu bod te yn y gegin.

( You will find the answer at the bottom of the page )

...

Bod ....yn  is used to mean 'that....is' and 'that....are'. It is used, with verbs, in the following context:-

Dyn ni'n gwybod bod y dafarn yn gwerthu cwrw.  = We know that the pub sells beer.

Below are some simple sample sentences for you to practice with.

Mae'n credu bod newyddion ar y teledu.  =  He thinks (that) there is news on television.

Dwi'n credu bod y dafarn yn agor am bump.  =  I think (that) the pub opens at five.

( You will find the answers at the bottom of the page )

...

Bod dim  means ' that there is no '.

Dwi'n gwybod bod dim cwrw yn yr oergell.  = I know (that) there is no beer in the fridge.

Dwi'n gwybod bod dim llaeth yma.  =  I know (that) there is no milk here.

( You will find the answers at the bottom of the page )

...

...

Bod wedi  means ' that......has/have '.

Ydych chi'n meddwl bod yr amgueddfa wedi cau?  = Do you think that the museum has closed?

Dwi'n gobeithio bod y postmon wedi dod.  =  I hope the postman has come.

Bod... ddim yn/wedi  means ' that....is/are/was/were/has/ have/had  not '

Ydych chi'n gwybod bod y post ddim wedi cyrraedd?  = Do you know (that) the  mail  has not arrived?

Mae e'n siwr bod y coffi ddim yn oer.  =  He's sure (that) the coffee isn't cold.

( You will find the answers at the bottom of the page )

And so to our seventh weekly translation exercise. You will find two short conversations below.  You should be familiar with all the necessary grammar and if you need to look up some of the vocabulary go here: -  Croeseiriau Cymraeg  and type your query in the search box. Search is located in the right hand column just below the ad for this course. Remember that some words may be mutated so that their first letter is dropped or altered. This can be problematic for  beginners . If you cant find the Welsh try searching the English word if you know it. 

Welsh to English

Mae bysedd fy nhraed yn brifo.
Mae'ch esgidiau'n rhy dynn.
Efallai eich bod chi'n iawn.
Prynwch pâr arall yfory.
Syniad gwych dwi'n meddwl.

English to Welsh

I'm going to learn to play the piano.
Why the piano?
Because it's easier than the harp.
But we don't have a piano.
I'm going to buy one.

You will find the solutions here:  Solutions

This week we are extremely pleased to introduce a new series of revision translation exercises written by  Matt Spry  ( Eisteddfod Welsh Language Learner 2018). These exercises utilize the vocabulary and grammar that you have already learned on the course so far. There may be one or two words that you are unfamiliar with but you can always look them up. There will be 6 or more in the series when complete. The first exercise is Traeth - Beach and can be found here:  Traeth - Beach

As you can see on the page the English and Welsh texts are on separate tabs SO you can translate from Welsh to English or vice versa. You can also use the Welsh text as a reading and comprehension exercise if you don't feel fully confident to translate it straight off the bat. We are sure that this resource will prove invaluable however you decide to use it. Mwynhewch!

...
And so to our weekly crosswords (two this week). The themes are -  'Rhannau'r Corff - Parts Of The Body' and 'Miwsig, Cerdd - Music'

• Click through the slides below and learn the words as you go.
  

• Optional: If you want help with pronunciation or wish to check out other vocabulary entries on the wordcard, click the pic or text below to be taken to the appropriate Geiriadur listing page. 

• Attempt the crossword puzzles here   Cymraeg - Vocabulary Crossword 11 , Cymraeg - Vocabulary Crossword 12 (interactive) or if you prefer to do it the old fashioned way you can download a hard copy of  the grid here   Crossword 11 Print Version   (.pdf)  Crossword 12 Print Version   (.pdf)
  
  
  

...
Tom is the man who has arrived. = Twm yw'r dyn sy wedi cyrraedd.

Where is the new library that has opened? = Ble mae'r llyfrgell newydd sy wedi agor?

They believe (that) there is tea in the kitchen. = Maen nhw'n credu bod te yn y gegin.

Mae'n credu bod newyddion ar y teledu. = He thinks (that) there is news on television.

Dwi'n credu bod y dafarn yn agor am bump. = I think (that) the pub opens at five.

Dwi'n gwybod bod dim cwrw yn yr oergell . = I know (that) there is no beer in the fridge.

Dwi'n gwybod bod dim llaeth yma. = I know (that) there is no milk here.

Ydych chi'n meddwl bod yr amgueddfa wedi cau? = Do you think that the museum has closed?

Dwi'n gobeithio bod y postmon wedi dod. = I hope the postman has come.

Ydych chi'n gwybod bod y post ddim wedi cyrraedd? = Do you know (that) the mail has not arrived?

Mae e'n siwr bod y coffi ddim yn oer. = He's sure (that) the coffee isn't cold.

AmeriCymru is committed to doing everything it can to assist its members and readers to acquire a working knowledge of the Welsh language. Whether your goal is fluency or merely the ability to order a pizza and beer when on vacation in Caernarfon you will find helpful resources on this site....  

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